acute sinusitis

عکسی شماتیک و زیبا از سینوزیت حاد

توصیف بیماری

Sinuses are open cavities.  An infected sinus is known as sinusitis.  The maxillary and frontal sinuses are the two main sinuses that become infected.  The maxillary sinuses are located on the inside cheeks of both sides of the nose.  The maxillary sinuses drain through the nose.  In addition, the ears drain fluid into the maxillary sinuses by way of the eustachian tube. The eustachian tube may become blocked or inflamed from a sinus infection, resulting in pressure, pain, or fullness in the ears.  The frontal sinuses are located in the lower part of the forehead just above the bridge of nose. Sinusitis usually occurs either after a viral infection (cold/runny nose) or after allergy symptoms begin.  This occurs because of swelling in the nasal tract tissue, which drains the sinuses, causing them to become swollen.  The sinuses accumulate fluid and mucous, allowing bacteria to grow in the sinuses, which causes the sinusitis.

نشانه ها

Pain/pressure over the sinuses Occasional upper tooth pain Pain and tenderness over the forehead Ear pressure If symptoms do note resolve in three weeks, or do not respond to antibiotics, this may represent Chronic Sinusitis.  Please see the section on Chronic Sinusitis for more details.

عوامل مسبب

Streptococcus pneumoniae Hemophilus Influenza Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus

تشخیص ما چگونه باشد؟

Transilluminator may show a fluid collection Sinus X-Rays A CT scan of the sinuses is more accurate than an X-Ray Cultures are not helpful unless done by a needle placed into the sinuses (and this is not done unless the case is extreme)

درمان

Oral antibiotics are usually administered for 10 to 14 days.  Commonly used antibiotics include Ceftin, augmentin, or cipro. Older antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin and Erythromycin may be prescribed, but you should be aware that they do not provide the same scope of coverage that Ceftin, augmentin, or cipro.  They have poor coverage when dealing with Haemophilus Influenza as well. Oral Decongestants, such as Sudafed, and nasal sprays such as Afrin, for the first 3 days may be helpful (after 3 days a "rebound" may occur, and the decongestants may no longer be effective). Take a warm shower twice a day, and blow out your excessive mucous. Saline nasal sprays may be used multiple times during the day to loosen nasal secretions.

شرایط مساوی(similar condition)

Tooth  Abscess Mucormycosis Sinus cancer

متفرقه و گوناگونll

Predisposing Causes Viral Rhinitis (Cold) Allergies Dental problems nasal polyps

 

چند case متفرقه

سلام یک معذرت خواهی به خاطر اینکه دیروز آپدیت نکردم که بخاطر امتحان E.N.T من‌ بود.

(پاتولوژی)

توروس پالاتینوس                                                        بازال سل کارسینوم                                          (سرطان) کنسر لب  

 

  (سرطان) کنسر زبان                                              تونسیلیت حاد                                              پمفیگویید

 

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Facial Paresis: Right
Widened palpebral fissure

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آیا تعریف آناستازییای موضعی(Local anesthetic, Local anesthesia)را می دانید؟

A class of many medications that "numb" nerves on contact. Local anesthesia describes the technique of numbing a region of the body by injecting local anesthetic into the tissues around an area to be operated on. Local anesthesia is often supplemented with intravenous sedation

An anesthetist injects local anesthetic into the skin of the back prior to placement of a spinal needle

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           Full Mouth Makeover - Boca Raton South Florida

Before	After

Our patient, a registered nurse, was always self-conscious when introduced to people and had a very reserved smile. She and a friend had applied to ABC's Extreme Makeover program twice but were rejected. Our patient wanted a "true" makeover experience, thereby deciding to use 14 custom DaVinci porcelain veneers (identical to those used on the ABC program), porcelain onlays, 4 Lava (3M) all ceramic crowns to correct spacing and rotation on her upper bicuspids and 2 porcelain fused to high noble metal crowns on her upper molars.

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SINUS                                                                  LARYNX                                                        NOSE    

case study

اینم واسه اینکه خیلی خسته نشین از رادیولوژی!

This 12 year-old girl presented with a deep carious lesion in the lower first molar. Radiographs showed the carious lesion to probably involve the pulp. The patient stated that the tooth had bothered here off and on for the past six months but she had never experienced pain. Endodontic treatment was refused and the tooth was removed

رادیوگرافیMaxillary canine

رادیوگرافیMaxillary canine Identify each structure
جوابهای ما ۱)Trabecular plate ۲)Marrow space ۳)10 ۴)Lamina dura ۵)Dentin ۶)Periodontal ligament space ۷)Alveolar crest ۸)Pulp canal ۹)Pulp chamber ۱۰)Enamel ۱۱)Premolar buccal cusp over raised film dot ۱۲)Dento-enamel junction
	1: The opaque line
	2: Lucent space
	3: Tooth number
	4: The opaque line
	5: The opaque material
	6: The radiolucent line
	7: The opaque structure
	8: The radiolucent structure
	9: The radiolucent structure
	10: The opaque material
	11: The opaque circle
	12: The opaque line

رادیوگرافی"Maxillary lateral"

Identify each structure
اما جوابها ۱)Dentin ۲)Bony trabecular plate ۳)Bone marrow space ۴)Pulp canal ۵)Periodontal ligament space ۶)Lamina dura ۷)Alveolar crest ۸)Enamel ۹)Pulp chamber
	1: The opaque material
	2: The radiopaque line
	3: The radiolucent space
	4: The lucent structure
	5: The lucent line
	6: The opaque line
	7: The opaque structure
	8: The opaque structure
	9: The lucent structure